HIV Testing Service at FMP Hanoi

Why HIV Testing Matters?

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a global health concern that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Early detection through HIV testing is paramount, and here's why it matters.

HIV is a virus that attacks the body's immune system, making it less effective in fighting off infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can lead to the more severe stage known as AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), which can result in life-threatening illnesses.

However, the key to managing HIV and preventing its progression to AIDS is early detection. HIV testing allows individuals to learn their HIV status. If a person tests positive, they can access medical care and treatment that can slow the virus's progression, allowing them to lead a healthier life.

Moreover, knowing one's HIV status is essential for preventing the further transmission of the virus. Individuals who are aware that they are HIV-positive can take steps to protect their sexual partners by practicing safe sex and using precautions like condoms. It's also a critical component of preventing mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

What are the HIV Testing method?

HIV Testing Methods for Screening and Diagnosis HIV tests are highly accurate, but their ability to detect the virus depends on the specific test used. There are three primary types of HIV tests: antibody tests, antigen/antibody tests, and nucleic acid tests (NAT).

Antibody tests

Antibody tests are designed to identify HIV antibodies in a person's blood or oral fluid. These tests generally take between 23 to 90 days after exposure to detect HIV. Most rapid tests, including the only FDA-approved HIV self-test, fall under this category. It's worth noting that antibody tests using blood from a vein can detect HIV earlier than those using blood from a finger prick or oral fluid.

Antigen/antibody tests

Antigen/antibody tests, on the other hand, are designed to detect both HIV antibodies and antigens. When a person is exposed to HIV, their immune system produces antibodies, while antigens are foreign substances that trigger the immune response. In the case of HIV, an antigen called p24 appears before antibodies develop. Antigen/antibody tests are commonly recommended for lab-based testing in the United States. When performed in a lab using blood from a vein, these tests can typically detect HIV between 18 to 45 days after exposure. There are also rapid antigen/antibody tests available that use a finger prick, with a detection window ranging from 18 to 90 days post-exposure.

Nucleic acid tests (NATs)

Nucleic acid tests (NATs) are designed to directly detect the presence of the HIV virus in the bloodstream. NATs are particularly useful for individuals with recent or suspected exposure to HIV who have initially tested negative using an antibody or antigen/antibody test. NATs are known for their ability to detect HIV relatively early, with a window period of 10 to 33 days post-exposure.

It's important to choose the appropriate HIV testing method based on your specific circumstances and potential exposure. Understanding the window periods of these tests is crucial for accurate HIV diagnosis and prevention.